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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Working memory training and brain structure and function in extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight children.

Claire E Kelly1,2, Deanne K Thompson1,2,3,4, Jian Chen2

  • 1Victorian Infant Brain Studies (VIBeS), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Human Brain Mapping
|November 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Adaptive working memory training in extremely preterm/low birth weight children showed minimal brain changes compared to placebo. While some structural and functional brain alterations occurred, they were not clearly linked to the Cogmed intervention itself.

Keywords:
Cogmeddiffusion imagingfunctional imagingmagnetic resonance imagingmicrostructurepreterm birth

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Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Children born extremely preterm (EP) or extremely low birth weight (ELBW) often experience cognitive challenges.
  • Working memory deficits are common in this population.
  • Neuroplasticity is a potential target for interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if adaptive working memory training (Cogmed) induces structural or functional brain changes in EP/ELBW children compared to a placebo.
  • To assess neuroplasticity following cognitive training in a vulnerable pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • Ninety-one EP/ELBW children (mean age 7.8 years) were randomized to Cogmed or placebo training.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) including structural, diffusion, and functional (fMRI) scans were acquired pre- and post-intervention.
  • Statistical analyses examined changes in brain morphometry, white matter microstructure, and BOLD signal during an n-back task, with interaction analyses between group and time.

Main Results:

  • Both Cogmed and placebo groups showed increased neurite density in white matter regions.
  • Functional MRI revealed increased BOLD signal in specific cortical areas during working memory tasks in the Cogmed group, but not the placebo group.
  • Evidence for group-by-time interactions was weak, indicating minimal differences in brain changes between the Cogmed and placebo groups.

Conclusions:

  • While some structural and functional brain changes occurred between pre- and post-training in EP/ELBW children, these changes were generally observed in both Cogmed and placebo groups.
  • There was little evidence to suggest that the Cogmed intervention specifically induced neuroplasticity beyond placebo effects.
  • Further research is needed to identify effective interventions for cognitive enhancement in EP/ELBW children.