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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
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Exceptional high thermal conductivity of inter-connected annular graphite structures.

Shengyi Zhuang1, Fengying Zhang2, Yaodong Liu3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China. liuyd@sxicc.ac.cn chunxl@sxicc.ac.cn and National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Technology, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|November 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

New annular graphite structures significantly boost cross-plane thermal conductivity. This advancement in carbon materials offers superior heat dissipation compared to metals, valuable for thermal management applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Thermal Engineering

Background:

  • Graphite's anisotropic thermal conductivity, with significantly lower cross-plane than in-plane values, limits its heat dissipation capabilities.
  • Existing graphite films exhibit cross-plane thermal conductivity 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than their in-plane conductivity.
  • Templating effects observed in carbon nanotube (CNT)-confined carbon fibers inspired new structural designs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design novel inter-connected annular graphite structures.
  • To significantly enhance the cross-plane thermal conductivity of graphite.
  • To explore advanced carbon materials for superior heat dissipation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized molecular dynamic (MD) simulations to analyze the effect of bending curvature on graphene's in-plane thermal conductivity.
  • Designed various single and multi-layered inter-connected annular graphite structures.
  • Employed finite element analysis (FEA) to compute the effective out-of-plane thermal conductivities of the designed models.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a dramatic improvement in effective out-of-plane thermal conductivity, increasing it from 2.3 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ to 799.8 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹.
  • The designed inter-connected annular graphite structures exhibit thermal conductivity superior to common metals.
  • Demonstrated the potential for significantly enhanced heat dissipation in carbon materials.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed inter-connected annular graphite structures offer a pathway to overcome the limitations of conventional graphite's thermal conductivity.
  • These novel structures provide a promising solution for high-performance heat dissipation and temperature management applications.
  • The findings are valuable for the design and fabrication of advanced, lightweight, thermally conductive carbon materials.