Validity testing of a three-dimensionally printed endoscopic sinonasal surgery simulator

Area of Science:

• Otolaryngology
• Medical Simulation
• Surgical Education

Background:

• Endoscopic sinus surgery requires specialized training.
• Current simulation models vary in realism and effectiveness.
• Validating new surgical simulators is crucial for effective resident education.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the face, content, construct, and concurrent validity of the PHACON Sinonasal Surgery Simulator (SNSS).
• To determine the simulator's utility in training otolaryngology residents for sinonasal procedures.

Main Methods:

• A prospective cohort study involving 12 otolaryngology residents.
• Residents performed procedures on the SNSS followed by cadaveric heads.
• Validity was assessed using Likert scale questionnaires, expert global rating scales, and performance comparisons.

Main Results:

• 75% of participants found the anatomical structures realistic; however, tissue realism was lower (30-41.7%).
• The simulator was rated useful for anatomy (91.7%) and operative technique (66.7%) training.
• Significant performance differences between novice and experienced groups confirmed construct validity, and correlation with cadaver performance confirmed concurrent validity.

Conclusions:

• The 3D-printed SNSS demonstrates face, content, concurrent, and construct validity.
• The simulator shows potential for endoscopic sinus surgery training.
• Enhancements in simulated mucosal tissue and fronto-ethmoid anatomy are recommended.