[The prostate cancer precision screening program: a preliminary report after recruitment of 2 159 men]

Objective: The Chinese Anti-Cancer Association Genitourinary Cancer Committee Prostate Cancer Working Group released Consensus of prostate cancer (PCa) screening in 2017. This program aims to evaluate the methods and significance of prostate cancer precision screening in high risk population. Methods: A total of 2 159 eligible males enrolled from 13 community centers and 3 screening centers received PSA test from April 2017 to August 2018. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) determination in serum with a cut-off of ≥4.0 ng/ml was the main screening test and indication for biopsy. The interviewer-administered questionnaire covered demographic characteristics and environmental exposure factors. The associations between these factors and prostate cancer risk were determined by multivariable unconditional logistic regression models. Results: Altogether, 271 cases (12.6%) had a confirmed PSA increase ≥ 4.0 μg/L (median 9.1, range 4.0-25.0). Subsequently, 57 subjects (21.0%) out of the 271 PSA-suspicious men underwent prostate biopsy, and 34 (59.6%) were confirmed as prostate cancer. Until now, the overall prostate cancer incidence in the first screening round was1.57%. There were no statistical differences in the distributions of PSA-suspicious and prostate cancer incidence between community centers and screening centers (P=0.578 and 0.735). Age (OR: 2.63; 95%CI: 1.84-3.75, P<0.001) and chronic prostatitis history (OR: 2.02; 95%CI: 1.55-2.63, P<0.001) were significantly associated with PSA level. After adjustment for these factors, older age (OR: 4.04; 95%CI: 1.71-9.59, P=0.002) and statins use (OR: 3.09; 95%CI: 1.25-7.69, P=0.015) were associated with an elevated risk of PCa. Conclusions: It is of substantial significance to screen prostate cancer in high risk population. Both community centers and screening centers methods are effective. Although largely underestimated, the incidence of PCa in the targeted Chinese population is higher than expected. Older men have a high risk of harboring PCa. Our study suggests a decreased risk of PCa in men with statins use. Prostate Cancer Precision Screening is promising to improve prostate cancer survival in China.