Encapsulation of Upconversion Nanoparticles in Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas

(1) Background: Nanomedicine has recently emerged as a promising field, particularly for cancer theranostics. In this context, nanoparticles designed for imaging and therapeutic applications are of interest. We, therefore, studied the encapsulation of upconverting nanoparticles in mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles. Indeed, mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles have been shown to be very efficient for drug delivery, and upconverting nanoparticles are interesting for near-infrared and X-ray computed tomography imaging, depending on the matrix used. (2) Methods: Two different upconverting-based nanoparticles were synthesized with Yb³⁺-Er³⁺ as the upconverting system and NaYF₄ or BaLuF₅ as the matrix. The encapsulation of these nanoparticles was studied through the sol-gel procedure with bis(triethoxysilyl)ethylene and bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane in the presence of CTAB. (3) Results: with bis(triethoxysilyl)ethylene, BaLuF₅: Yb³⁺-Er³⁺, nanoparticles were not encapsulated, but anchored on the surface of the obtained mesoporous nanorods BaLuF₅: Yb³⁺-Er³⁺@Ethylene. With bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane, BaLuF₅: Yb³⁺-Er³⁺ and NaYF₄: Yb³⁺-Er³⁺nanoparticles were encapsulated in the mesoporous cubic structure leading to BaLuF₅: Yb³⁺-Er³⁺@Ethane and NaYF₄: Yb³⁺-Er³⁺@Ethane, respectively. (4) Conclusions: upconversion nanoparticles were located on the surface of mesoporous nanorods obtained by hydrolysis polycondensation of bis(triethoxysilyl)ethylene, whereas encapsulation occurred with bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane. The later nanoparticles NaYF₄: Yb³⁺-Er³⁺@Ethane or BaLuF₅: Yb³⁺-Er³⁺@Ethane were promising for applications with cancer cell imaging or X-ray-computed tomography respectively.