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What are Membranes?01:54

What are Membranes?

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A key characteristic of life is the ability to separate the external environment from the internal space. To do this, cells have evolved semi-permeable membranes that regulate the passage of biological molecules. Additionally, the cell membrane defines a cell’s shape and interactions with the external environment. Eukaryotic cell membranes also serve to compartmentalize the internal space into organelles, including the endomembrane structures of the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and...
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A cell's plasma membrane demarcates the cell's borders and determines the nature of its interaction with the environment. Cells exclude certain substances, take in others, and excrete some others in controlled quantities. The plasma membrane must be flexible to allow certain cells, such as red and white blood cells, to change their shape while passing through narrow capillaries. These are the more obvious plasma membrane functions. In addition, the plasma membrane's surface carries...
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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
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Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
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In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
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Mixed Matrix Membranes.

Clara Casado-Coterillo1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, E.T.S. Ingenieros Industriales y Telecomunicación, Universidad de Cantabria, Av. Los Castros, s/n, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain.

Membranes
|November 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) show promise for environmental and health solutions, but face challenges in large-scale implementation. This Special Issue explores current opportunities and hurdles in MMM development and application.

Keywords:
compatibilityfiller dispersionflat-sheet membrane, characterization techniquesgas separationhollow fiber membraneion exchange capacitymembrane fabricationmembrane modificationwater vapor

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) are gaining global research interest due to their potential for addressing environmental and health challenges.
  • A significant gap exists between the increasing academic development of novel MMMs and their practical, large-scale implementation.

Discussion:

  • This Special Issue addresses the current opportunities and challenges in the development and application of MMMs.
  • It focuses on how MMMs can provide solutions for 21st-century environmental and health issues.

Key Insights:

  • MMM research is globally significant, driven by potential applications.
  • Bridging the gap between lab-scale innovation and industrial application is crucial for MMMs.

Outlook:

  • Future work should focus on overcoming implementation barriers for MMMs.
  • Continued research into MMMs is essential for advancing environmental and health solutions.