[Effect of contextual factors in body composition of professional soccer players. A retrospective study]

The requirements of physical demands in soccer have evolved in recent years, determining the need to investigate those aspects that condition athletic performance. The objective of this study was to describe the incidence of individualized training, company at meals, race, and demarcation on the anthropometric variables of professional soccer players since these four factors affect body composition, which is considered a predictor of performance and an indicator of lifestyle in these individuals. For this purpose, a retrospective study was developed in 51 professional players of the Spanish Football League Second Division B during the 2015/2016, 2016/2017, and 2017/2018 seasons. The anthropometric assessment was carried out under the technical standards of measurement recommended by the International Working Group of Kinanthropometry, adopted by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). The results revealed that individualized training and company during meals were the factors that most influence exerted on the anthropometric variables that were collected. The values of fat mass and muscle mass, and the sum of fold measurements are sensitive to the effect of the intervention with these factors. The highest levels of interaction occurred between company during the meals and individualized training, and between demarcation and company during the meals. Considering body composition as an aspect to be taken into account in the development of performance, it should be considered that the application of certain training contents according to the individual characteristics and lifestyle of players are factors that may have a significant influence on professional soccer players.