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Related Concept Videos

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
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Superlattice assembly by interpolymer complexation.

Nathan Horst1, Srikanth Nayak, Wenjie Wang

  • 1Ames Laboratory, and Iowa State University Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA. trvsst@ameslab.gov.

Soft Matter
|November 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a coarse-grained model to understand how polymers interact with functionalized nanocrystals. This model predicts the polymer concentration needed to form ordered superlattices, crucial for nanomaterial assembly.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nanocrystals functionalized with polymers like polyethylene glycol (PEG) are key components in advanced materials.
  • Interactions between polymers with hydrogen bond donor/acceptor groups drive self-assembly processes.
  • Controlling the assembly of nanoparticles into ordered structures is essential for developing new functional materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a coarse-grained model for predicting the self-assembly of polymer-functionalized nanocrystals.
  • To determine the critical concentration of polyacrylic acid (PAA) required to induce aggregation of PEG-coated nanocrystals.
  • To investigate the structure and dynamics of the resulting face-centered cubic (fcc) superlattices.

Main Methods:

  • Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations were employed.
  • The model system consisted of nanocrystals functionalized with a hydrogen bond acceptor polymer (PEG).
  • These were dispersed in a solution containing a hydrogen bond donor polymer (PAA) at low pH.

Main Results:

  • The model successfully predicted the minimum concentration of PAA needed to induce nanocrystal aggregation.
  • The simulations revealed the formation of an ordered face-centered cubic (fcc) superlattice structure.
  • The dynamics of the superlattice formation and stability were characterized.

Conclusions:

  • The developed coarse-grained model provides a valuable tool for understanding and predicting the self-assembly of polymer-nanocrystal systems.
  • The findings offer insights into controlling the formation of ordered nanomaterial superlattices through interpolymer complexation.
  • The results align with and complement existing experimental data on similar systems.