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A step toward engineering thick tissues: Distributing microfibers within 3D printed frames.

Joseph Molde1, Joseph A M Steele1, Alexandra K Pastino1

  • 1New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A
|November 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed novel hierarchical scaffolds by combining 3D printing and airbrushing. These engineered scaffolds enhance cell infiltration and tissue formation for tissue engineering applications.

Keywords:
3D PrintingAirbrushingExtracellular MatrixFused Deposition ModelingHierarchical ScaffoldScaffold FabricationSolution Blow Spinning

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Microfiber mats support cell growth but hinder infiltration and nutrient transport.
  • Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing offers customization but has low resolution, limiting cell seeding.
  • Existing scaffolds face challenges in supporting cell infiltration and nutrient delivery for thick tissue regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer hierarchical scaffolds integrating fibrous microenvironments with 3D printed macropores.
  • To improve cell infiltration, nutrient transport, and tissue formation in engineered scaffolds.
  • To create customizable scaffolds for thick tissue engineering using a hybrid fabrication approach.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of hierarchical scaffolds by iteratively airbrushing biodegradable tyrosine-derived polycarbonate microfibers between FDM 3D printed layers.
  • Optimization of airbrushing parameters for microfiber deposition.
  • Confocal imaging to assess cell growth and extracellular matrix development.
  • In vivo subcutaneous implantation to evaluate cell infiltration and tissue formation.
  • In vitro fibronectin matrix assembly, decellularization, and recellularization with mesenchymal stromal cells.

Main Results:

  • Hierarchical scaffolds demonstrated successful integration of microfibers within FDM structures.
  • Confocal imaging confirmed human dermal fibroblast growth and extracellular matrix deposition throughout the scaffolds.
  • Subcutaneous implantation resulted in significantly greater cell infiltration and tissue formation compared to controls.
  • Decellularized hierarchical scaffolds retained assembled fibronectin, supporting mesenchymal stromal cell recellularization.

Conclusions:

  • Combining FDM 3D printing and airbrushing enables the creation of customizable hierarchical scaffolds.
  • These scaffolds overcome limitations of traditional methods, promoting enhanced cell infiltration and tissue regeneration.
  • The developed hierarchical scaffolds show promise for engineering thick tissues with improved cellularity and vascularization potential.