Characterization of circulating thrombin in patients with septic shock: a prospective observational study

Septic shock is characterized by a dysregulated response to infection, hypotension and activation of the coagulation system. Markers of coagulation activation are commonly used to diagnose and monitor ensuing coagulopathies. In this study, we sought to determine levels of circulating thrombin in patients with septic shock. To characterize levels of circulating, active thrombin in patients with septic shock. 48 patients with septic shock were included in this prospective, observational study. Blood samples were obtained on admission, day 1, day 3 and day 6. Levels of active thrombin were measured using a standardized, clinically applicable oligonucleotide (aptamer)-based enzyme-capture assay (OECA). Thrombin levels were correlated with established indirect thrombin parameters, conventional coagulation tests, laboratory parameters, patient characteristics and outcome. Elevated levels of thrombin were detected in 27 patients (56.3%) during the course of the study. Thrombin levels were positively correlated with thrombin-antithrombin complexes (r = 0.30, p < 0.05) and negatively associated with FVII levels (r = - 0.28, p < 0.05). Thrombin levels on admission did not predict 30-day mortality (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.23-2.92, p = 0.77). Circulating levels of active thrombin can be measured in a subset of patients with septic shock. Although thrombin levels are correlated with established markers of coagulation, they do not provide additional prognostic information.