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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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The link between diabetes and atherosclerosis.

Lucia La Sala1, Francesco Prattichizzo1, Antonio Ceriello1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular and Dysmetabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Italy.

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology
|November 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Diabetes and atherosclerosis share common mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, potentially regulated by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). This master regulator influences hyperglycaemia effects and microRNA expression, linking diabetes to atherosclerosis.

Keywords:
DysglycaemiaatherosclerosisdiabeteshyperlipidaemiainflammationmicroRNAnuclear factor κBoxidative stress

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis is a major complication of diabetes, characterized by vascular endothelial dysfunction.
  • Understanding the shared mechanisms between diabetes and atherosclerosis is crucial for identifying new therapeutic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence and proposed mechanisms linking diabetes and atherosclerosis.
  • To explore the role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) as a potential common ancestral factor.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent evidence on diabetes and atherosclerosis.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms, including endothelial activation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and microRNA involvement.
  • Focus on the role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and specific microRNAs (miR-126, -21, -146a-5p).

Main Results:

  • Diabetes and atherosclerosis share common pathogenic pathways, including endothelial activation, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
  • Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is hypothesized as a central regulator, influencing hyperglycaemia effects and microRNA expression.
  • Specific microRNAs (miR-126, -21, -146a-5p) are implicated in promoting atherosclerosis in the context of diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • NF-κB and specific microRNAs play significant roles in the complex interplay between diabetes and atherosclerosis.
  • Further research into these molecular targets may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for preventing or treating atherosclerosis in diabetic patients.