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Fact and value in invasion biology: reply to Cuthbert et al. 2020.

Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology·2020
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Fact and value in invasion biology.

Mark Sagoff1

  • 1Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA, 22030, U.S.A.

Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology
|November 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study challenges the purported consensus in invasion biology, finding no empirical evidence for key claims regarding nonindigenous species costs, extinction threats, biological differences, and natural vs. anthropogenic processes.

Keywords:
Pimentel estimatescoevolucióncoevolutiondualidaddualismespecies invasorasestimaciones Pimentelinvasive speciesnegación de la cienciascience denialism入侵物种, Pimentel 估计, 科学否定主义, 共演化, 二元论

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Conservation Biology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Invasion biology is a field that examines the impacts of nonindigenous species.
  • A purported consensus exists among some invasion biologists on four key propositions.
  • These propositions relate to cost estimates, extinction threats, species differentiation, and the role of ontological dualism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the empirical evidence supporting the four main propositions of the alleged consensus in invasion biology.
  • To question the validity of claims based on consensus rather than robust scientific evidence.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and critical analysis of existing studies and arguments within invasion biology.
  • Examination of empirical data and theoretical underpinnings of the four contested propositions.

Main Results:

  • No convincing empirical evidence was found to support the credibility of cost estimates for nonindigenous species effects.
  • The claim that invasive species generally pose significant extinction threats lacks sufficient empirical backing.
  • Characteristic biological differences distinguishing novel from native species and processes are not convincingly demonstrated.
  • The utility of ontological dualism in distinguishing natural from anthropogenic influences in biological inquiry is not empirically supported.

Conclusions:

  • The alleged consensus in invasion biology is not substantiated by strong empirical evidence.
  • The reliance on agreement as proof, rather than evidence, is a flawed approach in scientific discourse.
  • Further research is needed to rigorously test the propositions central to invasion biology.