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Related Concept Videos

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

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The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...
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Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
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Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I01:26

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The main and largest component of the human brain is the cerebrum. The cerebrum consists of two main parts: the cerebral cortex, an outer layer with wrinkles or folds known as gyri and shallow grooves called sulci, and a deeper region beneath it. The cerebrum divides into two distinct hemispheres and contains five different lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula. The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes and two functionally important gyri — the...
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The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Brainstem01:19

Brainstem

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The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
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Related Experiment Video

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Wholemount Immunohistochemistry for Revealing Complex Brain Topography
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The cerebellum shows its stripes.

Ashley L Holloway1,2, Talia N Lerner1,2

  • 1Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States.

Elife
|November 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary

New research investigates cerebellar sub-structures and their information processing roles in complex behaviors. Understanding this organization is key to deciphering motor control and cognitive functions.

Keywords:
Purkinje cellscerebellumclimbing fibergo/no-go taskmouseneurosciencereinforcement learning

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cerebellar research

Background:

  • The cerebellum plays a crucial role in motor control and cognitive functions.
  • Its intricate sub-structures are thought to process specific types of information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the organizational principles of cerebellar sub-structures.
  • To understand how these structures receive and process information during complex behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing advanced neuroimaging techniques.
  • Analyzing neural activity patterns during task performance.

Main Results:

  • Identifying distinct information processing streams within cerebellar sub-structures.
  • Correlating specific sub-structure activation with different aspects of behavioral tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Cerebellar sub-structures exhibit specialized information processing.
  • This organization is fundamental to the execution of complex behaviors.