Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 3, 2026
A Teleoperated Robotic System-Assisted Percutaneous Transiliac-Transsacral Screw Fixation Technique
Published on: January 6, 2023
Training in robot-assisted surgery
Stefano Puliatti1, Elio Mazzone, Paolo Dell'Oglio
1Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy ORSI, Academy, Melle Department of Urology, Onze Lieve Vrouw Hospital, Aalst, Belgium Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
Purpose Of Review:
The aim of this narrative review is to identify the currently available training programs in the field of robotic-assisted surgery.
Recent Findings:
The lack of well trained robotic surgeons represents the main obstacle facing robotic surgery. This calls for development of structured robotic training programs in order to improve patient safety and outcomes. Structured curriculum should consist of theoretical training (e-learning, case observation), preclinical simulation-based training (virtual reality simulation, dry and wet lab), clinical modular training, and final evaluation. Tele-mentoring might reveal mandatory in future curricula development. To date, several training programs are currently available for robotic surgery. However, the majority lack of clinical modular training that consists of progressive, proficiency-based training through surgical steps with increasing levels of complexity. Moreover, many of these curricula lack validation.
Summary:
This recent literature analysis suggests that there is an urgent need to develop and validate new structured training curricula for robotic surgery. This allows to improve the skills of the surgeons and of their team and to prevent patients from being used as a training module optimizing their safety.
