[Modified surgical methods in gastrointestinal and lung cancers]

There are such cancers as that they are rarely detected during an early stage, they show poor prognosis even though being small in size, and that it is difficult to perform reduced operation on them for the purpose of functional conservation. Cancers of the lung, esophagus, rectum, liver, gallbladder and pancreas are included in these cancers for the present. Bronchoplasty for lung cancer, nervous conservation for rectum cancer, and conservative operation to keep a natural anus have been widely performed. At the present time, it has been still difficult to undertake reduced operation for the treatment of esophageal cancer and liver-biliary-pancreatic cancer without damages to the radicalness. Unfortunately, anticancer agents or irradiation has shown no satisfactory effects on the above mentioned cancers. However, radial effects are now obtained from some techniques; they are, laser irradiation for very early cancer of the bronchus and esophagus, and plypectomy for small and early rectal cancer.