Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...

Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Photoluminescence Excitation Engineering of Gold Nanoparticle-Decorated Zinc Oxide Nanoflowers for Efficient Visible Photocatalytic Water Treatment.

ACS omega·2026

Same author

Retinomorphic Visual Processing Enabled by Contact-Engineered IGZO Optoelectronic Synaptic Memtransistors.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Same author

A 5-year mortality-prediction model for patients with stomach cancer, based on the Korean nationwide health insurance claim database.

Medicine·2026

Same author

Random forest modeling to identify key farm-to-fork factors influencing Campylobacter ecology in pastured poultry systems.

Poultry science·2026

Same author

Neutrophil-derived itaconate facilitates tiered pulmonary inflammation via Kdm5b-associated epigenetic remodeling in alveolar macrophages.

Cell reports·2026

Same author

Strategic Aliovalent Dopant Engineering in ZnO Nanoparticles for Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalysis.

ChemSusChem·2026

Same journal

Generating Unconventional Spin-Orbit Torques With Patterned Phase Gradients in Tungsten Thin Films.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026

Same journal

An In Situ H<sub>2</sub>S-Activated Plasmonic Nanozyme for Near-Infrared II Photo-Thermoelectric Catalytic Therapy.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026

Same journal

A Recyclable and Sustainable Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Electrolyte for Electrochromic Devices.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026

Same journal

Perovskite Heterostructures for Optoelectronic Applications.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026

Same journal

Light-Written Nonvolatile Polarization via Defect-Engineered Charge Trapping.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026

Same journal

Nucleation-Controlled Synthesis and a Unified Descriptor for Rational Interlayer Design of Vanadium-Oxide Cathodes toward High-Performance Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Optrode Array for Simultaneous Optogenetic Modulation and Electrical Neural Recording

Optrode Array for Simultaneous Optogenetic Modulation and Electrical Neural Recording

Published on: September 1, 2022

Environment-Adaptable Artificial Visual Perception Behaviors Using a Light-Adjustable Optoelectronic Neuromorphic

Sung Min Kwon¹, Sung Woon Cho¹, Minho Kim²

¹School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|November 15, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed an artificial optoelectronic neuromorphic device that mimics biological vision. This device successfully emulates light-adaptable synaptic functions, paving the way for advanced artificial visual perception systems.

Keywords:

artificial retinas artificial vision systems ionotronic synaptic transistors light-adjustable neuromorphic circuits photopic and scotopic adaptation

More Related Videos

Using Affordable LED Arrays for Photo-Stimulation of Neurons

Using Affordable LED Arrays for Photo-Stimulation of Neurons

Published on: November 15, 2011

Automated Multimodal Stimulation and Simultaneous Neuronal Recording from Multiple Small Organisms

Automated Multimodal Stimulation and Simultaneous Neuronal Recording from Multiple Small Organisms

Published on: March 3, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Optrode Array for Simultaneous Optogenetic Modulation and Electrical Neural Recording

Optrode Array for Simultaneous Optogenetic Modulation and Electrical Neural Recording

Published on: September 1, 2022

Using Affordable LED Arrays for Photo-Stimulation of Neurons

Using Affordable LED Arrays for Photo-Stimulation of Neurons

Published on: November 15, 2011

Automated Multimodal Stimulation and Simultaneous Neuronal Recording from Multiple Small Organisms

Automated Multimodal Stimulation and Simultaneous Neuronal Recording from Multiple Small Organisms

Published on: March 3, 2023

Area of Science:

Neuromorphic Engineering
Artificial Intelligence
Materials Science

Background:

Emulating biological visual perception requires complex architectures with self-adaptive synaptic behaviors, a significant challenge for artificial systems.
Artificial visual systems struggle to adjust to varying light intensities, limiting their real-world applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

To present an artificial optoelectronic neuromorphic device array capable of emulating light-adaptable synaptic functions (photopic and scotopic adaptation).
To overcome the challenge of self-adaptive synaptic behaviors in artificial visual perception systems.

Main Methods:

Utilized an artificial visual perception circuit comprising a metal chalcogenide photoreceptor transistor and a metal oxide synaptic transistor.
Demonstrated diverse visual synaptic functions including phototriggered short-term plasticity, long-term potentiation, and neural facilitation.
Reproduced environment-adaptable perception behaviors by adjusting load transistors to emulate variable dynamic ranges.

Main Results:

The optoelectronic neuromorphic device successfully emulated photopic and scotopic adaptation, mimicking biological visual perception.
Demonstrated key synaptic functions such as short-term plasticity, long-term potentiation, and neural facilitation.
Achieved environment-adaptable perception across various light intensities, showcasing variable dynamic range capabilities.

Conclusions:

The developed artificial optoelectronic neuromorphic device successfully emulates light-adaptable synaptic functions of biological vision.
This technology offers a novel approach to creating environmental-adaptable artificial visual perception systems.
The findings have profound implications for the future development of neuromorphic electronics.