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Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

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Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
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Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

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Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile
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Circulating exosomal microRNAs in bipolar disorder.

Deniz Ceylan1, Kemal Ugur Tufekci2, Pembe Keskinoglu3

  • 1Izmir University of Economics, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Izmir, Turkey.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|November 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Circulating exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) show dysregulation in bipolar disorder (BD). These exosomal miRNAs may serve as potential biomarkers for BD diagnosis, impacting understanding of the disorder's pathophysiology.

Keywords:
Bipolar disorderExosomesExtracellular vesiclesMicroRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play emerging roles in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD).
  • Exosomes, biological cargo carriers, encapsulate molecules including miRNAs.
  • Investigating circulating exosomal miRNAs offers a novel avenue for BD biomarker research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify circulating exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential diagnostic biomarkers for bipolar disorder (BD).
  • To explore the role of exosomal miRNAs in the pathophysiology of BD.

Main Methods:

  • Exosomes were isolated from plasma of BD patients and healthy controls.
  • MicroRNA levels were quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).
  • Dysregulated miRNAs were analyzed for target pathways using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis.

Main Results:

  • Thirteen miRNAs were significantly different between BD patients and controls.
  • Four miRNAs (miR-484, -652-3p, -142-3p, and miR-185-5p) showed significant dysregulation.
  • KEGG analysis implicated pathways in PI3K/Akt signaling, fatty acid metabolism, and cell adhesion.

Conclusions:

  • Dysregulated exosomal miRNAs are implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder.
  • Exosomal miRNAs hold promise as biomarkers for BD diagnosis.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise roles of exosomal miRNAs in BD neurobiology.