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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
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A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers
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Maximal Heart Rate for Swimmers.

Bjørn Harald Olstad1, Veronica Bjørlykke1, Daniela Schäfer Olstad2

  • 1Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo 0863, Norway.

Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elite swimmers do not require different maximal heart rate protocols, whether sprinters or middle-distance athletes. Maximal heart rate testing in swimming is comparable across various step-test protocols and slightly lower than running.

Keywords:
athletesfront crawlmiddle distancephysiologyrunningsprintstep-testtraining intensitytraining loadtraining monitoring

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Swimming Performance

Background:

  • Incorporating land-based training, like running, into swimming programs is increasingly popular for elite athletes.
  • Determining accurate maximal heart rate (HRmax) is crucial for optimizing training intensity and aerobic capacity.
  • Existing HRmax protocols may not be universally applicable across different swimming specializations or between water and land-based activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if distinct maximal heart rate protocols are necessary for sprinters versus middle-distance swimmers.
  • To compare maximal heart rate achieved during front crawl swimming against running in elite swimmers.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of different step-test durations (50m, 100m, 200m) for eliciting maximal heart rate in swimmers.

Main Methods:

  • Twelve elite swimmers (7 sprinters, 5 middle-distance) underwent three front crawl swimming maximal heart rate protocols (50m, 100m, 200m step-tests).
  • Maximal heart rate was also measured during a running maximal effort test for comparison.
  • Statistical analyses were performed to compare HRmax values across protocols and between swimming and running.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in maximal heart rate were found between sprinters and middle-distance swimmers for any swimming protocol.
  • Maximal heart rate values did not differ significantly across the 50m, 100m, and 200m swimming step-test protocols.
  • Maximal heart rate was significantly lower during swimming (191-192 bpm) compared to running (approx. 200 bpm), with a difference of 6.7 bpm.

Conclusions:

  • Standard step-test protocols are effective for achieving maximal heart rate in front crawl swimming for elite swimmers.
  • No separate maximal heart rate protocols are required for sprint or middle-distance swimmers.
  • Sport-specific maximal heart rate testing is recommended to accurately assess and improve aerobic capacity in elite swimmers.