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Exploring the whole standard operating procedure for phage therapy in clinical practice
Zelin Cui1,2, Xiaokui Guo3, Tingting Feng4
1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, 6th Floor, No. 3 Building, 100# Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China. czl@sjtu.edu.cn.
Abstract:
We have entered the post-antibiotic era. Phage therapy has recently been given renewed attention because bacteriophages are easily available and can kill bacteria. Many reports have demonstrated successful phage treatment of bacterial infection, whereas some studies have shown that phage therapy is not as effective as expected. In general, establishment of a standard operating procedure will ensure the success of phage therapy. In this paper, the whole operating procedure for phage therapy in clinical practice is explored and analyzed to comprehensively understand the success of using phage for the treatment of bacterial infectious disease in the future. The procedure includes the following: enrollment of patients for phage therapy; establishment of phage libraries; pathogenic bacterial isolation and identification; screening for effective phages against pathogenic bacteria; phage formulation preparation; phage preparation administration strategy and route; monitoring the efficacy of phage therapy; and detection of the emergence of phage-resistant strains. Finally, we outline the whole standard operating procedure for phage therapy in clinical practice. It is believed that phage therapy will be used successfully, especially in personalized medicine for the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. Hopefully, this procedure will provide support for the entry of phage therapy into the clinic as soon as possible.
Insights
Phage therapy offers a promising alternative to antibiotics for bacterial infections. Establishing a standard operating procedure is crucial for successful clinical application and personalized medicine approaches.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Biotechnology
Background:
- The rise of antibiotic resistance necessitates novel therapeutic strategies.
- Bacteriophage therapy is gaining attention as a viable alternative for treating bacterial infections.
- Variable outcomes in phage therapy highlight the need for standardized protocols.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore and analyze the complete operating procedure for phage therapy in clinical practice.
- To provide a comprehensive understanding of factors influencing the success of phage therapy.
- To support the integration of phage therapy into routine clinical settings.
Main Methods:
- Patient enrollment and phage library establishment.
- Pathogenic bacterial isolation, identification, and effective phage screening.
- Phage formulation, administration strategies, and efficacy monitoring.
- Detection and management of phage-resistant bacterial strains.
Main Results:
- A detailed step-by-step procedure for clinical phage therapy is outlined.
- Key components for successful phage therapy include patient selection, phage characterization, and resistance monitoring.
- The procedure addresses critical aspects from patient enrollment to treatment evaluation.
Conclusions:
- A standardized operating procedure is essential for the successful clinical implementation of phage therapy.
- Phage therapy holds significant potential, particularly in personalized medicine for bacterial infections.
- The proposed procedure aims to facilitate the widespread adoption of phage therapy in healthcare.