CRISPR/Cas System: Recent Advances and Future Prospects for Genome Editing

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Science
• Molecular Biology
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Genome editing (GE) enables precise modification of living organism genomes.
• The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system is a highly efficient and accurate GE tool.
• CRISPR/Cas9 facilitates simultaneous addition/removal of alleles.

Purpose of the Study:

• To discuss CRISPR/Cas9 applications in important crops.
• To compare CRISPR/Cas9 with other GE tools.
• To review the mechanism, limitations, and future possibilities of CRISPR/Cas9.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on CRISPR/Cas9 and other GE tools.
• Analysis of CRISPR/Cas9 mechanism and applications.
• Consideration of emerging CRISPR/Cas systems like base editing, xCas9, and Cas12a.

Main Results:

• CRISPR/Cas9 is widely adopted for its efficiency, ease of use, and accuracy in GE.
• CRISPR/Cas9 enables simultaneous allele modification.
• Emerging systems like base editing offer further advancements in GE.

Conclusions:

• CRISPR/Cas9 has revolutionized biological research and crop improvement.
• Ongoing development of CRISPR/Cas systems promises expanded GE capabilities.
• Further research is needed to fully realize the potential and address limitations of GE technologies.