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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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Sound Intensity Level00:53

Sound Intensity Level

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Humans perceive sound by hearing. The human ear helps sound waves reach the brain, which then interprets the waves and creates the perception of hearing. The loudness of the environment in which a person is located determines whether they can distinguish between different sound sources.
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Perception of Sound Waves01:01

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The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
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Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

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The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
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Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same authorSame journal

[The digits-in-noise test in audiological cochlear implant aftercare].

HNO·2026
Same author

Beyond the audiogram: tone decay as audiological marker for disproportional loss of speech intelligibility.

International journal of audiology·2026
Same author

Exploration of the Pitch Shift Reflex using High-Speed Videolaryngoscopy and Electroencephalography.

IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering·2026
Same author

Recommendations for selection of target parameters and process recommendations for audiological and technical functional testing of cochlear implant : Prepared by the ERA consortium (AG-ERA) of ADANO in cooperation with the Implantable Hearing Systems expert committee of the DGA. Confirmed by the board of ADANO on 31.01.2025.

HNO·2025
Same author

[Recommendations for selection of target parameters and process recommendations for audiological and technical functional testing of cochlear implant : Prepared by the ERA consortium (AG-ERA) of ADANO in cooperation with the Implantable Hearing Systems expert committee of the DGA. Confirmed by the board of ADANO on 31.01.2025. German version].

HNO·2025
Same author

[Impact of CI use and CI fitting on speech production in very early cochlear-implanted infants].

HNO·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

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[Speech recognition with hearing aids for 10 standard audiograms].

C Dörfler1, T Hocke2, A Hast1

  • 1Audiologische Abteilung und CI Centrum CICERO Hals-Nasen-Ohrenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Waldstraße 1, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland.

HNO
|November 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Hearing aid outcomes vary. This study found that aided speech recognition is 10-20% lower than maximum word recognition scores, influenced by hearing loss type and degree.

Keywords:
IEC 60118-15Maximum word recognition scoreSpeech audiometrySpeech comprehensibilityTone audiometry

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Hearing Science
  • Speech Perception

Background:

  • Improving speech perception in quiet is a key goal for hearing aid users.
  • Actual hearing aid outcomes frequently show considerable variability.
  • Understanding factors influencing aided speech perception is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between audiogram type, maximum word recognition score, and aided speech perception.
  • To identify predictors of successful hearing aid outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of audiometric data from 370 patients (740 ears).
  • Included pure-tone and speech audiometry, focusing on maximum word recognition score (WRSmax) and aided monosyllabic speech recognition (WRS65(HA)).
  • Analysis was performed across 10 standard audiogram types.

Main Results:

  • Aided speech recognition (WRS65(HA)) was consistently 10-20% lower than maximum word recognition scores (WRSmax).
  • This difference was more pronounced in flat and moderately sloping audiograms compared to steep-sloping ones.
  • The ratio WRS65(HA)/WRSmax serves as an efficiency factor for hearing aid performance.

Conclusions:

  • Hearing aid expectations should be individualized based on WRSmax, hearing loss degree, and audiogram type.
  • Quality measures derived from speech audiometry can help predict hearing aid success.
  • Audiogram type significantly influences the effectiveness of hearing aid amplification.