Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 3, 2026
15:04
Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols
Published on: May 20, 2016
11.3K
Doctors' Interactions with Pharmaceutical Sales Representatives: Modelling Doctors Prescription Behaviour
Aini Faisal1, Muhammad Shakil Ahmad2,3, Ramayah Thurasamy4,5
1Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Attock, 43600, Pakistan.
Community Mental Health Journal
|November 16, 2019
Summary
Physician interactions with pharmaceutical sales representatives, including market knowledge and rewards, directly influence prescription behavior. These interactions also impact prescribing habits indirectly through changes in attitude.
Area of Science:
- Health Services Research
- Pharmaceutical Marketing
- Medical Ethics
Background:
- Physician interactions with pharmaceutical sales representatives (PSRs) are common.
- Understanding the impact of these interactions on prescribing is crucial for healthcare policy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine how interactions with PSRs affect health practitioners' prescription behavior.
- To investigate the mediating role of attitude in this relationship using the Theory of Planned Behaviour.
Main Methods:
- Data collected via questionnaires from 248 health practitioners in Attock District, Pakistan.
- Response rate of 82% achieved.
- Partial Least Squares (PLS) Path Modelling used to test hypotheses.
Main Results:
- Physician interactions with PSRs significantly affect prescription behavior directly.
- Interactions also influence prescription behavior indirectly through the attitudinal component.
- Factors like market knowledge, product knowledge, corporate reputation, and tangible rewards were identified as key interaction elements.
Conclusions:
- Interactions with pharmaceutical sales representatives have a direct and indirect impact on physician prescription behavior.
- Findings offer insights for the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and policymakers to address unethical practices.
- Practical implications for policymakers and health practitioners are provided, alongside future research directions.
Related Concept Videos
01:15Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena
1.0K
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
1.0K
01:02Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs
1.1K
Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...
1.1K
01:20Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview
1.8K
Pharmacokinetic models utilize mathematical analysis to achieve a detailed quantitative understanding of a drug's life cycle within the body. They are instrumental in simulating a drug's pharmacokinetic parameters, predicting drug concentrations over time, optimizing dosage regimens, linking concentrations with pharmacologic activity, and estimating potential toxicity.
There are three primary types of models: empirical, compartment, and physiological. Empirical models, with minimal...
There are three primary types of models: empirical, compartment, and physiological. Empirical models, with minimal...
1.8K
01:30Quantitative Aspects of Drug-Receptor Interaction
1.7K
The receptor occupancy theory connects a drug's response to the number of occupied receptors. With higher drug concentrations, more receptors are occupied, leading to increased responses. The formation of drug-receptor complexes involves association and dissociation rates, which reach equilibrium when the forward and backward reactions are equal. The equilibrium association constant (Ka) and its inverse, the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd), indicate drug affinity. Higher Ka and lower...
1.7K
01:26Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview
1.1K
Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
The pharmacokinetic phase...
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
The pharmacokinetic phase...
1.1K
01:15Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models
229
Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...
229