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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview01:22

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Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of cell layers formed. Cell shapes can be squamous (flattened and thin), cuboidal (square-like, as wide as it is tall), or columnar (rectangular, taller than it is wide). Additionally, the nucleus shape helps identify the type of epithelial cells. Squamous cells have flattened disc-shaped nuclei, cuboidal cells have spherical nuclei, and columnar cells have elongated nuclei.
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Simple Epithelium01:30

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Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that lines body cavities and blood vessels. The shape of the cells in the epithelium reflects the function of the tissue. Cells in simple squamous epithelium appear as thin scales with flat, elliptical nuclei that mirror the form of the cell.
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Stratified Epithelium01:29

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Stratified epithelium consists of several stacked layers of cells. They provide the durability to withstand constant physical and chemical attacks. Stratified epithelium is named after the shape of the most apical layer of cells. Stratified squamous epithelium is the most common type found in the human body. In this tissue, the apical cells are squamous, whereas the basal layer contains either columnar or cuboidal cells. The basal cells divide to form new daughter cells, which gradually become...
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Epithelial Tissues and Their Functions01:23

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Epithelial tissues are large sheets of cells covering all of the surfaces of the body. These surfaces can be internal or external, for example, skin, airways, the digestive tract, the urinary system, and the reproductive system. Hollow organs and body cavities that do not connect to the body's exterior, including blood vessels and serous membranes, are lined by epithelial tissue known as the endothelium.
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium01:20

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The glandular epithelium is made of one or more epithelial cells modified to synthesize and secrete chemical substances. Glandular epithelia can be classified based on cell number. Unicellular glands have individual secretory cells scattered across the epithelial monolayer. In contrast, multicellular glands consist of a hollow tubular duct attached to the cluster of secretory cells located in the deep pockets.
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Cadherins in Tissue Organization01:19

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The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
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Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix
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Epithelial tissue folding pattern in confined geometry.

Yasuhiro Inoue1, Itsuki Tateo2, Taiji Adachi2,3

  • 1Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. inoue.yasuhiro.4n@kyoto-u.ac.jp.

Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology
|November 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insect exoskeleton shape arises from epithelial tissue folds. Cell division orientation and confined geometry during development dictate these intricate folding patterns, revealing a novel mechanism for morphogenesis.

Keywords:
Epithelial tissue foldingImaginal primordia developmentMulticellular dynamics simulations

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Insect exoskeleton shape is determined by epithelial tissue folding patterns.
  • The precise mechanism by which these characteristic folds form during development remains unclear.
  • Epithelial tissue development occurs within a confined geometry due to surrounding tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a mechanism for the formation of epithelial folding patterns in insect exoskeleton primordia.
  • To investigate the influence of cell division and confined geometry on epithelial tissue folding.
  • To elucidate the biophysical principles governing insect morphogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a three-dimensional vertex model to simulate tissue deformations based on cellular mechanical behaviors.
  • Applied computational modeling to examine the effects of cell division and confined geometry.
  • Analyzed the in silico folding patterns generated by varying simulation parameters.

Main Results:

  • Simulation results indicate that cell division axis orientation is a key factor in generating diverse folding patterns.
  • The confinement of epithelial tissue restricts out-of-plane deformation, significantly influencing fold spacing.
  • The interplay between cell division and geometric constraints dictates the final exoskeleton morphology.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a plausible biophysical model for epithelial folding during insect exoskeleton development.
  • Cell division orientation and geometric confinement are critical determinants of exoskeleton shape.
  • This research provides insights into the mechanical basis of morphogenesis in insects.