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Advances in Penetrating Multichannel Microelectrodes Based on the Utah Array Platform.

Moritz Leber1,2, Julia Körner3, Christopher F Reiche3

  • 1University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. mleber@blackrockmicro.com.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|November 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The Utah electrode array (UEA) is a leading neural interface for high-channel count applications. Recent advancements focus on scalability, material improvements, and integration for future fully integrated neural devices.

Keywords:
Accelerated agingAdvanced system integrationNeural interface materialsUtah electrode array (UEA)Wireless technology

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neurotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The Utah electrode array (UEA) is a widely adopted standard for high-channel count bidirectional neural interfaces, particularly in human applications.
  • Understanding the UEA's evolution requires context within leading electrode concepts and its historical development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the Utah electrode array (UEA) platform's advancements over the past 15 years.
  • To explore novel integration technologies and future directions for fully integrated neural devices.
  • To detail material improvements, new device architectures, and adaptations for advanced stimulation techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Review of key developments in UEA platform technology over the last 15 years.
  • Analysis of novel wireless and system integration technologies for future neural interfaces.
  • Examination of material science improvements for substrate, electrode contacts, and encapsulation.
  • Investigation of UEA adaptations for infrared (IR) and optogenetic stimulation.
  • Study of failure modes and in vitro degradation testing for predicting in vivo device lifetime.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in scaling channel count and electrode contact density through novel device architectures.
  • Material enhancements in substrates, contacts, and encapsulation improving device performance and longevity.
  • Successful adaptations of the UEA platform for IR and optogenetic stimulation capabilities.
  • Development of methods to accelerate in vitro degradation, enhancing prediction of in vivo device failure and lifetime.

Conclusions:

  • The UEA platform has undergone substantial evolution, enhancing its capabilities for neural interfacing.
  • Future UEA generations will benefit from integrated wireless technologies, improved materials, and advanced stimulation modalities.
  • Enhanced understanding of degradation mechanisms and predictive testing will improve the reliability and longevity of neural implants.