Focal Mass-Forming Autoimmune Pancreatitis Mimicking Pancreatic Cancer: Which strategy?

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology and Hepatology
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare chronic pancreatitis subtype.
• It typically affects middle-aged men and can present with obstructive jaundice.
• Distinguishing focal AIP from pancreatic cancer is clinically challenging.

Observation:

• This report details three cases of mass-forming AIP initially suspected as pancreatic cancer.
• Clinical, radiological, and histological features were reviewed.
• Histopathological comparison with adjacent pancreatic tissue was performed.

Findings:

• Focal AIP can present as a pancreatic mass, complicating diagnosis.
• Characteristic features of AIP include diffuse parenchymal swelling and main pancreatic duct narrowing.
• Histopathological analysis aids in differentiating AIP from malignancy.

Implications:

• Considering AIP in the differential diagnosis for obstructive jaundice is vital.
• Accurate diagnosis can prevent unnecessary and aggressive surgical interventions like pancreatic resection.
• This study contributes rare histopathological insights into mass-forming AIP.