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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Assessment of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells MSCs
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Immune modulation by mesenchymal stem cells.

Wei Jiang1,2, Jianyong Xu1,2,3

  • 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.

Cell Proliferation
|November 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer promising therapeutic potential due to their immune-modulating properties. This review focuses on how MSCs regulate immune responses, particularly their significant immune-suppressive effects.

Keywords:
immune modulationimmune modulatorsmesenchymal stem cellstem cell therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cell Therapy

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells with self-renewal capabilities.
  • MSCs possess low immunogenicity and minimal ethical concerns, making them suitable for therapeutic applications.
  • These cells exhibit potent immune modulation functions, capable of both promoting and suppressing inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms underlying the immune modulation functions of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
  • To specifically highlight the immune-suppressive effects mediated by MSCs.
  • To explore the potential of MSCs in stem cell therapies.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing literature on Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their immune interactions.
  • Mechanisms of immune modulation, including phenotype switching and effector molecule expression, are discussed.
  • Focus is placed on studies detailing the immune-suppressive capabilities of MSCs.

Main Results:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can adopt pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotypes based on the immune environment.
  • MSCs express various immune suppressors that lead to the suppression of immune effector cells.
  • Activation of immune suppressor cells is a key outcome of MSC interaction with the immune system.

Conclusions:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) demonstrate significant potential for cell-based therapies due to their versatile immune-regulating properties.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of MSC-mediated immune suppression is crucial for optimizing their therapeutic efficacy.
  • MSCs offer a promising strategy for managing immune-related disorders by balancing inflammatory responses.