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Related Concept Videos

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:22

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness
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Aging and Lung Disease.

Soo Jung Cho1, Heather W Stout-Delgado1

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;

Annual Review of Physiology
|November 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

As people live longer, natural lung aging increases disease risk. This review details aging lung and immune system changes that heighten susceptibility to infections and chronic lung conditions.

Keywords:
ARDSCOPDIPFacute respiratory distress syndromechronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseinflammationinterstitial pulmonary fibrosislung agingpneumonia

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary medicine
  • Immunology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Global population is aging, with the over-60 demographic projected to double by 2050.
  • Natural lung aging involves molecular and physiological changes affecting lung function and repair.
  • Aging lungs exhibit reduced regenerative capacity and increased vulnerability to diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiological, structural, and cellular changes in the aging lung and immune system.
  • To examine how these changes increase susceptibility to infections and chronic lung diseases.
  • To understand the mechanisms underlying age-related lung disease development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on lung aging and immune system changes.
  • Analysis of molecular and cellular alterations in pulmonary and immune cells.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on age-related lung disease pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Aging alters lung structure and function, diminishing repair and increasing susceptibility.
  • Changes in pulmonary resident cells and systemic immune cells contribute to disease risk.
  • Specific chronic lung diseases like COPD and IPF are exacerbated by lung aging.

Conclusions:

  • Lung aging significantly increases the risk for respiratory infections and chronic lung diseases.
  • Understanding these age-related changes is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
  • Further research is needed to mitigate the impact of aging on lung health.