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Qualification programmes for immigrant health professionals: A systematic review.

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International qualification programs for immigrant health professionals show limited evaluation. Future programs need systematic assessment to improve re-integration and support for diverse healthcare workers.

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare workforce integration
  • Immigrant health professional education

Background:

  • Immigrant health professionals face significant barriers to re-entering their occupations in host countries.
  • Early interventions, such as qualification programs, are crucial for enhancing immigrant employability.
  • These programs aim to support the labor market re-integration of foreign-trained healthcare workers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify international qualification programs designed for immigrant health professionals.
  • To analyze the content and structure of these existing programs.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of these qualification programs.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across six major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsychInfo, EBSCO, ProQuest Social Sciences).
  • Study selection and screening followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
  • Included studies were appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and Kirkpatrick's Training Evaluation Model.

Main Results:

  • 31 articles synthesized from over 10,000 findings, primarily focusing on doctors and healthcare professionals, including refugee doctors.
  • Common program elements included teaching, clinical practice, and social support, with durations varying widely (2 days to 2.5 years).
  • Effectiveness was mainly noted in language proficiency and self-confidence; pre- and post-program support was notably scarce, and evaluation quality was inconsistent.

Conclusions:

  • There is a significant lack of systematically evaluated qualification programs for immigrant health professionals.
  • Program providers should expand offerings to include all health professionals and underrepresented groups like refugees.
  • Developing appropriate evaluation instruments is essential for establishing best practices in educational programs for immigrant populations.