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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes
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Stromal reprogramming: A target for tumor therapy.

Masoud Najafi1, Keywan Mortezaee2, Jamal Majidpoor3

  • 1Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

Life Sciences
|November 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key players in tumor progression, promoting aggressive features and shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review discusses CAF reprogramming and strategies to target these cells for cancer therapy.

Keywords:
Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs)Cancer cellExtracellular matrix (ECM)MetabolicReprogrammingTransforming growth factor (TGF)Tumor microenvironment (TME)

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Tumor Microenvironment Research

Background:

  • Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are dominant, plastic cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • CAFs possess multi-faceted roles that contribute to tumor aggressiveness.
  • They actively shape the tumor stroma, influencing cellular recruitment and differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the general concept of CAF reprogramming.
  • To discuss the inducers and outcomes of CAF reprogramming.
  • To propose potential therapeutic strategies targeting CAFs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on CAFs and their reprogramming.
  • Analysis of the role of CAFs in tumor progression and metastasis.
  • Exploration of therapeutic interventions targeting CAF functions.

Main Results:

  • CAFs are central to creating a supportive niche for tumor growth and spread.
  • CAF reprogramming is a significant factor in enhancing tumor aggressive phenotypes.
  • Understanding CAF plasticity is crucial for developing effective cancer treatments.

Conclusions:

  • CAF reprogramming is a critical mechanism driving tumor progression.
  • Targeting CAFs and their reprogramming offers a promising avenue for cancer therapy.
  • Further research into CAF biology is essential for novel treatment strategies.