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Environmentally Friendly Fertilizers Based on Starch Superabsorbents.

Orietta León¹, Diana Soto¹, Jesús González¹

¹Laboratorio de Polímeros y Reacciones, Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Zulia, Sector Grano de Oro, 4011 Maracaibo, Venezuela.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|November 17, 2019

Summary

Environmentally friendly superabsorbent starches (SASs) were developed from corn and cassava starches. These novel materials show excellent water absorption and controlled release of fertilizers, offering a sustainable solution for agriculture.

Keywords:

adsorption controlled release graft copolymers starch superabsorbent

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Area of Science:

Polymer Chemistry
Materials Science
Agricultural Science

Background:

Native starches from corn, bitter cassava, and sweet cassava are abundant agricultural products.
Developing sustainable and biodegradable materials is crucial for environmental protection.
Superabsorbent polymers have diverse applications, including agriculture and water management.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize superabsorbent starches (SASs) using graft copolymerization.
To investigate the swelling behavior of SASs in various aqueous media.
To evaluate the potential of SASs as environmentally friendly carriers for fertilizers.

Main Methods:

Graft copolymerization of native starches with itaconic acid.
Characterization of synthesized SASs.
Swelling studies in water, buffer solutions (varying pH), and saline solutions.
Fertilizer absorption and release experiments using urea, potassium nitrate, and ammonium nitrate.

Main Results:

Synthesized SASs exhibited significant swelling capacity, demonstrating polyelectrolyte behavior and responsiveness to environmental stimuli.
The absorption and release of fertilizers were dependent on the initial fertilizer concentration.
Starch source (corn, bitter, or sweet cassava) influenced the loading and release characteristics of the fertilizers.

Conclusions:

Superabsorbent starches derived from various sources show promise as eco-friendly fertilizer carriers.
The swelling and fertilizer interaction properties of SASs can be tailored by the choice of starch and fertilizer concentration.
These findings support the development of sustainable agricultural materials for improved nutrient management.