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Cingulate-centered large-scale networks: Normal functions, aging, and neurodegenerative disease.

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  • 1Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.

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The cingulate cortex, a key brain hub, anchors networks vital for autonomic, affective, executive, and memory functions. Its network variations impact aging, superaging, and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • The cingulate cortex comprises distinct subregions: subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, anterior midcingulate cortex, and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex.
  • These subregions act as critical hubs for large-scale brain networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review neuroimaging evidence on the cingulate cortex's role in brain networks.
  • To explore how cingulate network variability relates to aging and neurodegenerative diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of structural and functional neuroimaging studies.
  • Analysis of intrinsic functional connectivity and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data.
  • Examination of cingulate-centered network contributions to cognitive and autonomic functions.

Main Results:

  • Cingulate-centered networks integrate autonomic, affective, executive, and memory signals.
  • Variability in these networks is linked to typical aging and "superaging."
  • Network alterations are associated with frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Conclusions:

  • The cingulate cortex is central to large-scale brain network organization.
  • Understanding cingulate network dynamics is crucial for comprehending aging and neurodegeneration.