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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Signaling01:30

Bacterial Signaling

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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Global Regulatory Systems01:28

Global Regulatory Systems

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Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
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Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems01:17

Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems

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Gram-negative bacteria utilize sophisticated protein secretion systems to transport proteins across their double-membrane envelope into the extracellular environment or host cells. Based on their mechanism of action, these systems are classified into one-step and two-step pathways.One-Step Secretion Systems (Types I, III, IV, and VI)One-step secretion systems bypass the periplasm entirely, forming a continuous channel that spans both the inner and outer membranes:Type I Secretion System (T1SS):...
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Yeast Signaling01:28

Yeast Signaling

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Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Overview of Cell Signaling01:23

Overview of Cell Signaling

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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
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Related Experiment Video

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Organotypic Tissue Model Systems for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions In Vitro
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Signaling Systems in Oral Bacteria.

Daniel P Miller1, Richard J Lamont2

  • 1Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|November 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Microbial communities in plaque biofilms use cell-cell communication and signaling to maintain homeostasis or cause disease. Understanding these interactions is key to managing oral health.

Keywords:
CommunicationCommunitiesOral bacteriaRegulation

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Oral Biology
  • Biofilm Science

Background:

  • Supra- and subgingival plaque biofilms harbor complex microbial communities.
  • These communities exhibit spatial and temporal structuring influenced by microbial interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of microbial community organization and homeostasis in dental plaque.
  • To understand how cell-cell communication and signaling regulate synergistic and antagonistic interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of microbial community structure and function.
  • Investigation of signaling pathways including two-component systems and quorum sensing.
  • Assessment of metabolic communication, cross-feeding, and cross-respiration.

Main Results:

  • Microbial communities are structured by cell-cell communication and intracellular signaling.
  • Homeostasis is maintained via metabolic communication, cross-feeding, and cross-respiration.
  • Signaling pathways modulate interbacterial interactions, influencing community development and host response.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial signaling is crucial for the development and stability of oral polymicrobial communities.
  • Dysbiosis, driven by altered signaling, can lead to pathogenic responses in the host.
  • Understanding these complex interactions is vital for developing targeted therapeutic strategies.