Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Visual System01:26

Visual System

1.6K
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
1.6K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

8.6K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
8.6K
Vision01:24

Vision

59.2K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
59.2K
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

9.3K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
9.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Baseline neuroimaging profiles and predictive modelling for early Alzheimer disease prognosis.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Ozanimod Reduces Serum Neurofilament Light Chain (NfL) and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Modulates Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Patients with Low-to-Moderate Activity Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

An algorithm to predict intrathecal IgM synthesis in multiple sclerosis patients: optimizing the use of oligoclonal band testing.

Advances in laboratory medicine·2026
Same author

Rethinking the electrographical boundaries of status epilepticus: controversies and paradoxes of the ictal-interictal continuum.

Frontiers in neurology·2026
Same author

Peri-Ictal MRI Abnormalities and Risk of Unprovoked Seizures After De Novo Status Epilepticus.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Ictal-interictal continuum and status epilepticus: Two sides of the same coin? A prospective magnetic resonance imaging study.

Epilepsia·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
12:23

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

Published on: April 14, 2014

14.5K

Functional and structural changes in the visual pathway in multiple sclerosis.

María Carcelén-Gadea1, Carlos Quintanilla-Bordás1, Alicia Gracia-García2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.

Brain and Behavior
|November 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) effectively detects subclinical visual pathway damage in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, showing progressive optic nerve thinning over three years. This technique is superior to visual evoked potentials (VEP) and transorbital sonography (TOS) for monitoring MS progression.

Keywords:
follow-upmultiple sclerosisoptic neuritisoptical coherence tomographytransorbital sonographyvisual evoked potentials

More Related Videos

Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optokinetic Response As Structural and Functional Visual System Readouts in Mice and Rats
07:08

Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optokinetic Response As Structural and Functional Visual System Readouts in Mice and Rats

Published on: January 10, 2019

10.5K
Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

11.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
12:23

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

Published on: April 14, 2014

14.5K
Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optokinetic Response As Structural and Functional Visual System Readouts in Mice and Rats
07:08

Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optokinetic Response As Structural and Functional Visual System Readouts in Mice and Rats

Published on: January 10, 2019

10.5K
Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

11.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological disease impacting the visual pathway.
  • Unpredictable disease courses necessitate sensitive monitoring tools.
  • Noninvasive techniques like OCT, VEP, and TOS can assess visual pathway changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate visual pathway changes in MS patients over three years.
  • To compare eyes with and without a history of optic neuritis (ON).
  • To correlate visual pathway changes with patient disability.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 112 eyes from 56 relapsing MS patients (with/without ON history) and 29 healthy controls.
  • Utilized optical coherence tomography (OCT), visual evoked potentials (VEP), and transorbital sonography (TOS) for measurements.
  • Repeated measurements at 36 months to assess longitudinal changes.

Main Results:

  • Baseline assessments revealed significant visual pathway impairment in MS patients compared to controls, more pronounced in those with ON history.
  • Over 36 months, the cohort without ON history showed significant progression in visual pathway impairment via OCT, VEP, and TOS.
  • OCT measurements correlated with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores in the non-ON history group.

Conclusions:

  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the most effective method for detecting subclinical visual pathway damage in MS.
  • OCT demonstrated progressive optic nerve thinning in MS patients over time.
  • OCT reliably differentiates MS patients from healthy controls and tracks disease progression.