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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

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Opioid Use in Pregnancy.

Amalia Londono Tobon1, Erin Habecker1, Ariadna Forray2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 40 Temple Street, Suite 6B, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.

Current Psychiatry Reports
|November 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Perinatal opioid use disorder (OUD) in pregnancy leads to adverse outcomes, most commonly neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). Buprenorphine or methadone maintenance therapy is effective, with buprenorphine showing better NOWS outcomes for infants.

Keywords:
AntenatalDrugOpioidOpioidsPerinatalPostpartumPregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neonatology
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Perinatal opioid use disorder (OUD) presents significant public health challenges.
  • Opioid exposure during pregnancy can result in adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, including neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on perinatal outcomes associated with opioid use disorder (OUD).
  • To examine the efficacy and safety of treatments for OUD during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on perinatal opioid use and outcomes.
  • Analysis of studies evaluating maternal and fetal effects of opioid exposure.
  • Assessment of treatment modalities for pregnant women with OUD.

Main Results:

  • Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) is a common adverse outcome.
  • Buprenorphine and methadone maintenance therapy are standard care, improving illicit drug use and pregnancy outcomes.
  • Buprenorphine may be more effective than methadone in reducing NOWS incidence and severity.
  • Long-term effects on child development are still under investigation, with some studies suggesting potential brain morphology differences.

Conclusions:

  • Maintenance therapy with buprenorphine or methadone is crucial for pregnant women with OUD.
  • Buprenorphine shows promise for improved neonatal outcomes compared to methadone.
  • Further research is needed on long-term developmental effects and optimal treatment delivery models.