Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection
Published on: February 28, 2021
Stimulation of Innate Immunity by Host and Viral RNAs
Felix Streicher1, Nolwenn Jouvenet2
1Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 3569, Paris, France; Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Abstract:
The interferon (IFN) response, a major vertebrate defense mechanism against viral infections, is initiated by RIG-I-like receptor (RLR)-mediated recognition of viral replicative intermediates in the cytosol. RLR purification methods coupled to RNA sequencing have recently led to the characterization of viral nucleic acid features recognized by RLRs in infected cells. This work revealed that some cellular RNAs can bind to RLRs and stimulate the IFN response. We provide an overview of self and non-self RNAs that activate innate immunity, and discuss the cellular dysregulation that allows recognition of cellular RNAs by RLRs, including RNA mislocalization and downregulation of RNA-shielding proteins. These discussions are relevant because manipulating RLR activation presents opportunities for treating viral infections and autoimmune disorders.
Related Concept Videos
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
Viral Structure
Cell-mediated Immune Responses
Viruses with RNA Genomes
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...

