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Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
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Contextually-Based Social Attention Diverges across Covert and Overt Measures.

Effie J Pereira1, Elina Birmingham2, Jelena Ristic1

  • 1Department of Psychology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada.

Vision (Basel, Switzerland)
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Contextual information does not drive spontaneous social attention in manual responses. However, an infrequent overt bias towards facial eyes emerged, suggesting context facilitates eye movement behavior.

Keywords:
attentional biasingcontextfacessocial attention

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Social Cognition

Background:

  • Humans naturally attend to social cues like faces and eyes.
  • This spontaneous social attention is reduced when visual content and context are controlled.
  • The role of appropriate background contexts in eliciting attentional bias is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate attentional biasing in response to social cues within appropriate background contexts.
  • To differentiate between covert and overt attention measures in response to social stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • A dot-probe task was employed with face-house cue pairs presented in contextualized scenes.
  • Experiment 1 measured covert attention via manual response times.
  • Experiment 2 measured overt attention using eye-tracking to record eye movements.

Main Results:

  • No evidence of spontaneous attentional bias towards faces or facial features was found in manual responses.
  • A reliable, though infrequent, overt attentional bias towards the eyes of faces was observed.
  • Manual and eye-movement measures yielded different results regarding social attentional bias.

Conclusions:

  • Contextually-based social information does not appear to drive spontaneous social attentional bias in manual tasks.
  • Social context may facilitate oculomotor behavior, leading to overt attentional biases.
  • Distinguishing between covert and overt attention is crucial when studying social cue processing.