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The Cortico-Basal Ganglia-Cerebellar Network: Past, Present and Future Perspectives
Demetrio Milardi1,2, Angelo Quartarone1, Alessia Bramanti2
1Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience
|November 19, 2019
Summary
This review examines basal ganglia circuits, comparing human and animal models. It highlights new direct pathways and their implications for understanding brain connectivity.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Neuroanatomy
- Systems Neuroscience
Background:
- Current basal ganglia models rely on animal tract-tracing studies.
- Recent advances enable in vivo brain connectivity research in humans.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review basal ganglia circuits, comparing across species.
- To explore implications of newly identified direct pathways.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of basal ganglia connectivity studies.
- Comparative analysis of animal and human data.
- Integration of findings on novel direct pathways.
Main Results:
- Similarities and differences in basal ganglia circuits across species are identified.
- New direct pathways from cortex to basal ganglia and between basal ganglia and cerebellum are discussed.
- Updated understanding of the basal ganglia system is presented.
Conclusions:
- Comparative analysis refines basal ganglia models.
- Novel pathways offer new insights into brain function.
- This review broadens the perspective on basal ganglia circuitry.
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