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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression
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DAMPs and NETs in Sepsis.

Naomi-Liza Denning1,2,3, Monowar Aziz1,2, Steven D Gurien1,3

  • 1Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|November 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Sepsis involves damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that promote inflammation. Understanding their interaction is key to developing new sepsis treatments.

Keywords:
CIRPDAMPs (damage-associated molecular patterns)HMGB1 (high-mobility group box 1)NETs (neutrophil extracellular traps)cold-inducible RNA-binding proteinhistoneneutrophilssepsis

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Evaluation of a Reliable Biomarker in a Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Mouse Model of Sepsis
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Sepsis is a life-threatening inflammatory condition driven by an overactive immune response to infection.
  • Host immune responses involve pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) interacting with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs).
  • Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) also recognize damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from damaged host cells during sepsis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in sepsis.
  • To elucidate the crosstalk between DAMPs and NETs in sepsis pathophysiology.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding DAMPs and NETs for developing novel sepsis therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of DAMPs and NETs in sepsis.
  • Analysis of DAMPs and NETs sources, activation, release, and function.
  • Examination of the interplay between DAMPs and NETs.

Main Results:

  • DAMPs, including eCIRP, HMGB1, histones, and ATP, are released from cells via inflammasome activation or cell death.
  • Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are DNA webs released by neutrophils, containing histones and enzymes.
  • Both DAMPs and excessive NETs contribute to sepsis-induced inflammation and tissue damage.

Conclusions:

  • DAMPs and NETs are critical components of the inflammatory response in sepsis.
  • The interaction and crosstalk between DAMPs and NETs significantly contribute to sepsis pathophysiology.
  • A comprehensive understanding of DAMPs and NETs is essential for advancing sepsis treatment strategies.