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Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice
Published on: February 22, 2019
What's in a prick? Vaccines and the cardiovascular system
Vasiliki Katsi1, Christos-Konstantinos Antoniou1, Panagiota Manolakou1
1First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokrateion Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Abstract:
Evidence suggests a crucial role for vaccines in cardiovascular disease, mediated not only by disease prevention but also by immunomodulatory effects. This review attempts to briefly present the effects of pathogens and vaccines on the cardiovascular system and potential mechanisms for the development of vaccines against cardiovascular diseases per se. Current epidemiological evidence regarding vaccine effectiveness in different categories of heart disease is discussed, as well as current international guidelines' recommendations. In summary, cardiologists should strive to promote vaccination against specific pathogens with proven beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases.
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