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Aligning actions are communicative strategies individuals employ to maintain social harmony and preserve personal identity in the face of potential disruptions to social norms. These actions are particularly important in managing social impressions when one's behavior might be seen as inappropriate, incompetent, or morally questionable.Types of Aligning ActionsThe three principal types of aligning actions are disclaimers, accounts, and apologies.DisclaimersDisclaimers are preventive; they are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

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Stakeholder engagement increases transparency, satisfaction, and civic action.

Eric A Coleman1, Jacob Manyindo2, A Rani Parker3

  • 1Department of Political Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-2230; ecoleman@fsu.edu.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Stakeholder Engagement (SE) in Western Uganda improved community transparency and civic activity near oil extraction sites. While satisfaction increased, long-term outcomes require further study.

Keywords:
Ugandaexperimentextractivesoil and gassustainability

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Community Development
  • Public Policy

Background:

  • Oil and gas extraction significantly impacts local communities in Western Uganda.
  • Effective community engagement strategies are crucial for mitigating negative effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a Stakeholder Engagement (SE) intervention.
  • To assess SE's impact on community outcomes in oil extraction regions.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized controlled trial design involving 107 villages in the Albertine Graben.
  • Household surveys conducted at baseline and end line.
  • Analysis controlled for spillover effects and subregional fixed effects.

Main Results:

  • SE intervention led to significant improvements in transparency.
  • Civic activity and community satisfaction with key issues were enhanced.
  • Observed improvements in satisfaction suggest positive initial impacts.

Conclusions:

  • Stakeholder Engagement is a viable strategy for improving community well-being in resource extraction areas.
  • Further research is needed to determine the long-term effects of SE interventions on community outcomes.