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Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major global health issue. Antiviral therapies, including nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NAs) and interferon-α (IFN-α), are vital for managing CHB and preventing severe liver diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.
  • Untreated CHB can lead to severe end-stage liver diseases such as liver failure, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • High levels of serum HBV DNA are significantly associated with the progression to severe liver disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss standard and optimized antiviral therapies for CHB in treatment-naïve and experienced patients.
  • To review antiviral treatments for special populations with CHB.
  • To explore recent advancements in developing new anti-HBV agents.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current antiviral therapies including nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NAs) and interferon-α (IFN-α).
  • Discussion of treatment strategies for different patient groups.
  • Examination of novel therapeutic agents targeting viral life cycle and host immune responses.

Main Results:

  • Current antiviral drugs effectively suppress HBV replication and reduce liver disease progression.
  • Optimized therapies and new agents hold promise for improved long-term outcomes.
  • Combination therapies are being developed to target multiple aspects of HBV infection.

Conclusions:

  • Antiviral therapy is crucial for managing CHB and preventing severe liver complications.
  • Ongoing research into new anti-HBV agents and combination therapies aims for eventual HBV eradication.
  • Future strategies involve targeting diverse steps of the viral life cycle and modulating host immunity.