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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
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Submental Ectopic Thyroid Cyst: An Atypical Presentation.

Pradeep Pradhan1, Swagatika Samal1, C Preetam1

  • 1Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019 India.

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India
|November 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Ectopic thyroid tissue presenting as a submental swelling is rare and can mimic a cyst. Diagnosis requires comprehensive clinical, biochemical, and radiological assessment, as fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) may be inconclusive for ectopic thyroid.

Keywords:
Ectopic thyroid glandManagementSubmental cyst

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Head and Neck Surgery
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Ectopic thyroid tissue can occur in various locations, but presentation as a submental swelling is exceptionally rare.
  • Submental swelling typically suggests other pathologies, such as cysts, making ectopic thyroid an unusual differential diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of ectopic thyroid presenting as a submental mass.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and the importance of integrated clinical, biochemical, and radiological evaluation.
  • To discuss successful conservative management of this rare condition.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive clinical examination and patient history.
  • Biochemical assessment of thyroid function.
  • Radiological imaging (e.g., ultrasound, CT scan) for localization and characterization.
  • Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for initial tissue evaluation.

Main Results:

  • The ectopic thyroid presented as a submental swelling, clinically resembling a submental cyst.
  • Initial FNAC was not confirmatory, underscoring diagnostic challenges in ectopic thyroid cases, particularly with dysgenesis.
  • Complete clinical, biochemical, and radiological correlation was crucial for accurate diagnosis.
  • The patient was successfully managed with conservative treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Ectopic thyroid in the submental region is a rare clinical presentation that can mimic benign conditions like cysts.
  • A high index of suspicion and multidisciplinary diagnostic approach are essential for correct diagnosis.
  • Conservative management can be effective for ectopic thyroid presenting as a submental swelling.