Clinicoepidemiology of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in Nigerian

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is poorly reported in developing countries. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, aetiology, and comorbid illnesses of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in our center.

This was a prevalence hospital-based study of all patients with the diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Pretested interviewer assisted questionnaire was administered to obtain data. Otoscopic examination, otoneurologic review, followed by mandatory Dix Hallpike maneuver and supine roll test was performed on all patients to diagnose posterior, lateral or anterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. All the data obtained were collated and analyzed by using SPSS version 16.0.

Prevalence was 1.9%. Peak prevalence of 37.0% was at age group 41-50 years. Male accounted for 46.1% with male to female ratio of 1:1.2. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo accounted for 62.3% urban dwellers, 33.1% postsecondary education, 39.6% Civil servant and 33.8% married. There were 99.4% unilateral and 64.3% right benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Idiopathic was 70.1% while trauma, migraine, and inner ear disorder were 20.8%, 7.1%, and 1.9%, respectively. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo was 66.2% posterior semicircular canal followed by 24.7% lateral semicircular canal and 0.6% anterior semicircular canal. Commonly associated comorbid illnesses were visual disorder, hypertension, arthritis, and diabetes mellitus in 27.9%, 23.4%, 22.1%, and 2.6%, respectively.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is common otologic disorder. It is associated with significant comorbid illnesses. Early detection will reduce morbidity and mortality. Improvement in the level of health care at primary level and health education to create awareness among the populace is to be encouraged.