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Dictating Pt-Based Electrocatalyst Performance in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells, from Formulation to Application.

Tim Van Cleve1, Sunilkumar Khandavalli1, Anamika Chowdhury2,3

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PubMed
Summary

Optimizing catalyst ink water content is key for polymer electrolyte fuel cell performance. Higher water content improves ionomer interactions and reduces oxygen transport resistance, enhancing fuel cell efficiency.

Keywords:
Pt/C catalyst inksin situ electrochemical diagnosticsink formulation and processingionomer coverageoxygen transport resistance

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) rely on efficient ionomer and gas transport within catalyst layers.
  • Understanding ionomer interactions with platinum and carbon supports is crucial for optimizing electrode performance.
  • Low platinum loadings (0.05 mgPt cm-2) present unique challenges for ionomer distribution and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between ionomer coverage, conformation, and oxygen transport resistance in Pt/Vulcan carbon electrodes.
  • To elucidate the role of catalyst ink composition, specifically water content, on electrode microstructure and performance.
  • To correlate in situ electrochemical diagnostics with ex situ characterization for a comprehensive understanding of ionomer behavior.

Main Methods:

  • In situ electrochemical diagnostics (CO displacement, AC impedance) to probe ionomer-platinum interactions and oxygen transport.
  • Anion adsorption measurements to infer ionomer coverage and conformation.
  • Ex situ characterization of catalyst inks and electrode structures (ionomer suspensions, catalyst/ionomer inks).

Main Results:

  • Higher water content in catalyst inks enhances ionomer (sulfonate) interactions with platinum sites.
  • Low water content leads to larger ionomer aggregates, increasing local oxygen transport resistance and reducing performance.
  • Increased ionomer/Pt interactions in water-rich inks improve ionomer film transport but introduce interfacial resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Electrode performance is non-monotonically dependent on catalyst ink water content.
  • Optimizing ionomer distribution and interactions via ink formulation is critical for mitigating transport resistances (pore, thin film, interfacial).
  • Tailoring ink composition offers a pathway to enhance high current density performance in low-loaded PEFC electrodes.