Diversity of carotenogenic microalgae in the White Sea polar region

Carotenogenic microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic organisms with the ability to accumulate carotenoids. Carotenoid accumulation is a protective reaction against environmental stress factors, such as bright light and extreme temperatures. It makes the survival of these microorganisms under harsh environmental conditions possible. The diversity of carotenogenic microalgae has been described in detail for Central Europe and North America, as well as for tropical and subtropical latitudes with relatively favorable environments. However, data about these microorganisms in polar and subpolar latitudes are scarce and restricted to few reports. We isolated several strains of carotenogenic microalgae from the coastal zone of the White Sea, where they were abundant. The obtained microalgae related to four species of Chlorophytes: Haematococcus lacustris, H. rubicundus, Coelastrella aeroterrestrica and Bracteacoccus aggregatus. The last three species have been reported for polar latitudes for the first time. Most likely, carotenogenic algae in the White Sea coast are abundant due to their high physiological and metabolic plasticity, which is essential for surviving under adverse conditions of the northern regions. Pigment composition of the strains is provided. Their predominant carotenoids were astaxanthin and β-carotene. Further, the obtained strains may be considered as potential producers of natural pigments for biotechnology.