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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Human Fetal Blood Flow Quantification with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Motion Compensation

Human Fetal Blood Flow Quantification with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Motion Compensation

Published on: January 7, 2021

Flow quantification dependency on background phase correction techniques in 4D-flow MRI.

Fraser M Callaghan^1,2, Barbara Burkhardt^2,3, Julia Geiger^2,4

¹Center for MR Research, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

|November 20, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Background phase correction in 4D-flow MRI impacts flow volume measurements. Careful selection of static tissue for polynomial fitting is crucial to minimize errors, especially with higher-order corrections.

Keywords:

4D flow background phase correction eddy currents flow volume phase contrast

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Area of Science:

Cardiovascular imaging
Medical physics

Background:

Phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI) is essential for quantifying blood flow.
Accurate background phase correction in 4D-flow MRI is critical for reliable flow volume measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of background phase correction methods on 4D-flow MRI measurements.
To analyze the dependence of flow volume accuracy on static tissue selection for correction.

Main Methods:

Compared 2D PC-MRI and 4D-flow MRI in 31 subjects.
Applied various polynomial fitting orders (linear to fourth-order) for background phase correction using static tissue.
Varied static tissue amount and distribution to assess influence on flow volume.

Main Results:

4D-flow MRI showed low bias but large limits of agreement compared to 2D PC-MRI.
Sequence and physiological differences accounted for half of the discrepancy.
Using a subset of static tissue (20%) had minimal impact (1% difference).
Asymmetric or non-static tissue selection led to significant, variable errors, increasing with polynomial order.

Conclusions:

Discrepancies between 2D PC-MRI and 4D-flow MRI measurements are influenced by sequence and physiological factors.
Accurate flow volume quantification requires avoiding non-static tissue and asymmetric distribution in background correction.
Higher-order polynomial fits are more sensitive to errors in static tissue selection.