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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
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Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
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Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
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Cobalt-Based Nitride-Core Oxide-Shell Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts.

Yao Yang1, Rui Zeng1, Yin Xiong1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New cobalt nitride catalysts (Co4N/C) show high performance for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) in fuel cells. These nonprecious electrocatalysts offer a low-cost, durable alternative to platinum, advancing fuel cell technology.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Conversion

Background:

  • Developing efficient, cost-effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for advancing fuel cell technologies.
  • Nonprecious metal electrocatalysts are highly sought after to replace expensive platinum-based catalysts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel family of cobalt nitrides (CoN/C) as potential electrocatalysts for the ORR in alkaline fuel cells.
  • To evaluate the ORR activity, durability, and performance of Co4N/C compared to other cobalt nitrides and commercial catalysts.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of cobalt nitride materials (CoN/C, x = 2, 3, 4).
  • Electrochemical testing of electrocatalysts for ORR in 1 M KOH solution.
  • Durability assessment through potential cycling and comparison with cobalt oxide and platinum catalysts.

Main Results:

  • Co4N/C demonstrated the highest ORR activity with a half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.875 V vs RHE, comparable to commercial Pt/C (0.89 V).
  • Co4N/C exhibited an 8-fold improvement in mass activity over Co3O4/C and exceptional stability with negligible degradation after 10,000 cycles.
  • The enhanced performance is attributed to a conductive nitride core and a thin, naturally formed oxide shell.

Conclusions:

  • Cobalt nitrides, particularly Co4N/C, are promising nonprecious electrocatalysts for ORR in alkaline fuel cells.
  • The unique structure combining a conductive nitride core and an oxide shell enhances catalytic activity and durability.
  • This approach offers a viable strategy for designing advanced metal nitride electrocatalysts for fuel cell applications.