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Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Catheter-based Endovascular Angioplasty for Fibrosing Mediastinitis-associated Pulmonary Vein Stenosis
Published on: August 26, 2025
Evaluation and Management of Intermediate and High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism
Ramsey Al-Hakim1,2,3, Ningcheng Li1,2,3, Stephanie Nonas1,2,3
1Dotter Department of Interventional Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239.
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE. The evidence regarding pulmonary embolism treatment has greatly advanced over the past 10 years, particularly in patients with right ventricular dysfunction or hemodynamic instability. Treatment options include systemic anticoagulation, systemic thrombolysis, catheter-assisted thrombus removal (mechanical with or without catheter-directed thrombolysis), and surgical embolectomy. CONCLUSION. This article will review the data available for treatment options and summarize the evidence-based guidelines on treatment of intermediate- or high-risk pulmonary embolism.
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