Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations01:19

One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations

633
The one-compartment model is a pharmacokinetic tool that models the body as a single, uniform compartment, facilitating the understanding of drug distribution and elimination. This model is particularly beneficial for intravenous (IV) bolus administration, where the drug rapidly circulates throughout the body.
The drug's presence in the body is defined by an equation representing the difference between the rates of drug entry and exit. Key parameters—elimination rate constant,...
633
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

649
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
649
Two-Compartment Open Model: IV Bolus Administration01:18

Two-Compartment Open Model: IV Bolus Administration

1.0K
The two-compartment model for intravenous (IV) bolus administration illustrates drug distribution in the body, subdividing it into central and peripheral compartments. This model operates on the concept of two-compartment kinetics. The drug's plasma concentration shows a bi-exponential decline following IV bolus administration, signaling the presence of two disposition processes: distribution and elimination.
The disparity between drug input and the sum of drug transfer rates between...
1.0K
One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: Estimation of Clearance00:56

One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: Estimation of Clearance

314
Clearance is a key pharmacokinetic parameter that quantifies the volume of body fluid from which a drug is entirely removed within a specific time frame. It is crucial in assessing how a drug is eliminated from the body and has critical clinical applications.
In the one-compartment open model for intravenous (IV) bolus administration, clearance is estimated by dividing the elimination rate by the plasma drug concentration. This equation leverages the elimination rate constant and the apparent...
314
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

197
Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
197
One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: Estimation of Elimination Rate Constant, Half-Life and Volume of Distribution01:09

One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: Estimation of Elimination Rate Constant, Half-Life and Volume of Distribution

791
The one-compartment open model is a simplified approach used in pharmacokinetics to understand the distribution and elimination of a drug administered through an intravenous bolus. This model assumes rapid drug dispersal throughout the body and elimination using a first-order process. Key pharmacokinetic parameters, such as the elimination rate constant (k), half-life (t1/2), and the apparent volume of distribution (Vd), can be estimated from this model. The elimination rate is calculated...
791

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Transverse versus longitudinal skin incisions for totally implantable venous access port implantation: a randomized controlled trial.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery·2026
Same author

<i>Clostridiaceae</i> in Cancer Management.

Oncology research·2026
Same author

Extrachromosomal DNA Amplification as a Prognostic Factor for Cancer.

Journal of personalized medicine·2026
Same author

Nucleotide Variant in the <i>SLC26A9</i> Gene in Two Siblings with Cystic Fibrosis.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

"Variant matters": the impact of ALK fusion subtypes on progression and response in non-small-cell lung cancer-data from clinical practice from Polish centers.

Translational lung cancer research·2026
Same author

Comparison of Erector Spinae Plane Block and Intravenous Lidocaine in Opioid-Free Anesthesia for Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Obesity surgery·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

A Modified Method for Intrathecal Catheterization in Rats
11:15

A Modified Method for Intrathecal Catheterization in Rats

Published on: February 14, 2025

2.7K

Do Epidural Catheter Size and Flow Rate Affect Bolus Injection Pressure in Different Programmed Intermittent Epidural

Paweł Krawczyk1, Piotr Piwowar2, Kinga Sałapa3

  • 1From the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.

Anesthesia and Analgesia
|November 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The optimal programmed intermittent epidural bolus regimen for labor analgesia depends on catheter type and flow rate. Higher pressures, especially with wire-reinforced catheters, can trigger occlusion alarms, impacting drug delivery.

More Related Videos

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
06:59

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

Published on: November 9, 2016

31.0K
Paired Cisterna Magna Nanoinjection and Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging Assay to Study Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation In Vivo
06:24

Paired Cisterna Magna Nanoinjection and Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging Assay to Study Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation In Vivo

Published on: July 8, 2025

871

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 3, 2026

A Modified Method for Intrathecal Catheterization in Rats
11:15

A Modified Method for Intrathecal Catheterization in Rats

Published on: February 14, 2025

2.7K
A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
06:59

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

Published on: November 9, 2016

31.0K
Paired Cisterna Magna Nanoinjection and Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging Assay to Study Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation In Vivo
06:24

Paired Cisterna Magna Nanoinjection and Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging Assay to Study Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation In Vivo

Published on: July 8, 2025

871

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • The ideal programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) regimen for labor analgesia is not established.
  • Higher injection pressures may improve drug spread in the epidural space.
  • Limited data exists on maximum pressures generated by PIEB with various epidural catheters and flow rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the flow and pressure characteristics of commonly used epidural catheters with different infusion pumps during PIEB.
  • To determine the impact of varying flow rates and catheter designs on epidural injection pressure.
  • To identify optimal combinations for effective PIEB delivery without triggering alarms.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed 11 epidural catheters and 3 infusion pumps under PIEB conditions.
  • Measured pressure changes at flow rates of 100, 250, and 400 mL/hr with 10 mL bolus volume.
  • Utilized linear mixed models and backward stepwise selection for statistical analysis.

Main Results:

  • Mean maximal pressures ranged from 86 to 863 mm Hg across different flow rates and catheters.
  • Increased flow rates significantly elevated pressure, particularly with smaller gauge (20G) and wire-reinforced catheters.
  • High flow rates with certain catheters occasionally triggered the occlusion pump alarm.

Conclusions:

  • Significant variations in maximum epidural injection pressure exist based on catheter type and flow rate.
  • Wire-reinforced catheters generated higher pressures compared to non-reinforced ones.
  • Selecting appropriate catheter and flow rate combinations is crucial for effective PIEB delivery without alarm activation.