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Renal abnormalities among children with sickle cell conditions in highly resource-limited setting in Ghana

Enoch Odame Anto1,2, Christian Obirikorang1, Emmanuel Acheampong1,2

  • 1Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.

Plos One
|November 20, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Renal abnormalities like proteinuria and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are common in children with sickle cell disease (SCD), particularly Hb SS and Hb SC types. Routine kidney function monitoring is crucial for these children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Hematology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder linked to severe multi-organ damage, including the kidneys.
  • Early detection of renal abnormalities in children with SCD is vital for managing morbidity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of renal abnormalities in children diagnosed with sickle cell disease (SCD).
  • To identify associations between specific sickle cell genotypes (Hb AS, Hb SC, Hb SS) and renal health indicators.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 212 children with SCD (Hb AS, Hb SC, Hb SS) in Ghana.
  • Analysis of urine and blood samples for urinalysis, serum urea, creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
  • Classification of chronic kidney disease (CKD) using KDIGO criteria.

Main Results:

  • The overall prevalence of renal abnormalities included proteinuria (26.4%) and CKD (39.6%).
  • Hb SS phenotype showed the highest prevalence of proteinuria (47.1%) and CKD (73.5%).
  • Children with Hb SS and Hb SC genotypes had significantly increased odds of developing CKD.

Conclusions:

  • Proteinuria and CKD are significantly associated with sickle cell disease, especially Hb SC and Hb SS genotypes.
  • Children with SCD are at a higher risk for renal complications.
  • Routine renal function monitoring is recommended for pediatric SCD patients.

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